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Lehrende/r: Yvonne Gotthard-Terry
Veranstaltungsart:
Übung
Anzeige im Stundenplan:
Ü.Neuere.Geschichte
Semesterwochenstunden:
2
Unterrichtssprache:
Englisch
Min. | Max. Teilnehmerzahl:
1 | 20
Anmeldegruppe: WS 14 Üb FNZ
Prioritätsschema: Senatsrichtlinie
Zulassung gemäß Richtlinie über den Zugang zu teilnahmebeschränkten Lehrveranstaltungen vom 07. März 2007.
Nähere Informationen hierzu entnehmen Sie bitte www.info.jogustine.uni-mainz.de/senatsrichtlinie
Voraussetzungen / Organisatorisches:
Keine besonderen Zugangsvoraussetzungen.
B.A. Geschichte: Diese Übung ist Bestandteil des Moduls 4 (Neuere Geschichte). Die Übung ist unbenotet; vorausgesetzt wird eine aktive Teilnahme an der Übung.
B.A. KF, M.A., M.Ed. Geschichte: Diese Übung ist Teil des Aufbaumoduls Neuzeit. Die Übung ist unbenotet; vorausgesetzt wird eine aktive Teilnahme an der Übung.
Staatsexamen/Magister: Studierende der alten Studiengänge können einen benoteten Schein erwerben.
Inhalt:
The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was an era of Western global expansion. Among the motives, economics ranked first, followed by religion, and adventure or fame, or, as the text quotes, “God, glory, and gold.” It occurred when it did because of the emergence of centralized monarchies, sufficient wealth to finance such endeavors, and new technologies such better maps and charts, more seaworthy ships, the compass and astrolabe, and knowledge of Atlantic winds.
The first to venture forth were Portugal and Spain. Portuguese ships were exploring and trading along Africa’s west coast by the mid-fifteenth century, bringing back slaves and gold. Southern Africa was rounded in 1488, and India was reached in 1498, followed by the Malay Peninsula and the Spice Islands (Indonesia). The Portuguese empire was one of trade; its population was too small to establish large colonies, but Spain had greater resources. Seeking the same Asian goal as Portugal, the Italian Christopher Columbus (d.1506), sailing for Spain, reached the Caribbean West Indies in 1492, believing it was part of Asia. It was not, and the new found land became known as the New World or America, after Amerigo Vespucci, an early geographer. Spanish conquistadors arrived on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1519. Aztec resistance was quickly overcome thanks to assistance from other native states, gunpowder and horses, and European diseases such as smallpox, for which the native population had no immunity. In South America, the Incas were conquered by the 1530s. The natives became Spanish subjects, but were often exploited by Spanish settlers. Two viceroys (vice kings) ruled in Mexico City and Lima, Peru; Catholic missionaries, under the control of the Spanish crown, brought Christianity, including cathedrals, schools, and the inquisition, to the native population.
Although originally less prized than gold and spices, slaves became a major object of trade, and by the nineteenth century ten million African slaves had been shipped to America. Slavery was common in Africa, and the African terminus of the trade was in the hands of the Africans, but the insatiable demand for slaves led to increased warfare on that unfortunate continent. It was not until the late 1700s that slavery came under criticism in Europe.
In the New World, the Dutch, French, and the British also established colonies. Eventually British North America consisted of thirteen colonies. France established an empire in Canada, but its French population remained small.
The impact of European expansion was mixed. In the Americas, the native culture was largely destroyed and a new multiracial society evolved. That was less true in British America, which became mainly European in population and culture. The Columbian exchange saw Europeans bringing horses, cattle, sugarcane, wheat as well as disease and gunpowder to the New World and adopting the potato, maize (corn), and chocolate in turn. Native cultures were least affected in Asia, particularly in Japan and China. Missionaries, mostly Catholic, were mainly successful in the New World, and within Europe, imperial rivalries could lead to war.
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